![]() In the United States, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported a total of 114 cases of alopecia areata, 1 case of alopecia totalis, and 1 case of alopecia universalis, following the administration of the Pfizer/BioNTech (66%) and Moderna (29%) vaccines. In some countries, regulatory agencies have published data on alopecia areata as an adverse event following COVID-19 vaccination. Furthermore, the influence of several external factors has been postulated, such as exposure to emotional stress, use of drugs, viral infections (cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr virus, and influenza virus), and certain vaccines. Between 10% and 20% of those affected have relatives with the condition, and the genes that are affected in these scenarios are associated with alterations in the immune and inflammatory response genes, such as MHC, CTLA4, and PRDX5. In addition, it is considered that the appearance of alopecia areata has an important genetic influence. Although the exact mechanism of alopecia areata has not been described to date, the pathophysiological basis of hair loss is considered to be constituted on the breakdown of the immune privilege of the follicle, which is characterized by an increase in the number of NK lymphocytes in the affected follicles dependent on the JAK–STAT pathway. In non-scarring cases, there is an exaggerated entry of hair into the telogen stage without affecting the integrity of the hair follicle, making it potentially reversible. Īlopecia refers to abnormal hair loss that occurs because of a pathological process. Among the most common and expected are pain at the injection site, fever, headache, and malaise, as well as more rare events, such as transverse myelitis, Guillen–Barre syndrome, or platelet activation by vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia. ![]() With initial reports on safety and effectivity, and after the biggest vaccination campaign took place all over the planet, adverse events started to appear. In this context, by December 2020, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized the emerging use of the mRNA-based vaccine produced by Pfizer/BioNTech (BNT162b2), followed by Moderna (ARNm-1273), and later the rest of the COVID-19 vaccines, including the viral-vector-based AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1), or the attenuated and inactivated virus vaccine from Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV) and Sinovac (Sinovac-CoronaVac). While this process has followed the highest standards of safety and control, due to the large number of people vaccinated in all corners of the globe, reports of adverse events are still very common. The process of vaccine development often requires decades to obtain a marketable vaccine nevertheless, with the advent of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in March 2020, the process was accelerated by both necessity and the amount of resources available for this purpose. The development of vaccines throughout human history has changed the course of diseases and humanity. All patients received a heterologous vaccination scheme (mRNA and attenuated virus vaccine) with an additional viral vector booster associated with the apparition of telogen effluvium and alopecia universalis between 3 and 17 days after the vaccine was administered. Here, we reported the clinical presentation of two women and three men with the diagnosis of post-vaccine hair loss. We tracked and followed a series of five cases with post-vaccine telogen effluvium and alopecia development in Ecuador. Among several self-reported adverse events, hair loss and alopecia have been linked to COVID-19 mRNA or viral vector vaccines. However, after inoculating billions of people in the most extensive vaccination campaign worldwide, mild but common and some rare but potentially fatal adverse events have been reported. They entered the market after only one year of the initial trials, which that yielded positive results in terms of safety and efficacy. Index.COVID-19 vaccines have positively changed the course of the pandemic. Smith, 1104 pp., mors du 1er plat fendu - Tome 15 : Smollett. Regionalisme, 1102 pp, legere usure de la tomaison au dos - Tome 14 : Regulation. ![]() Bound in publisher's white boards with gold and royal blue spine labels.
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